家风的熏陶
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体"></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体">家风的熏陶<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></b></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #ff6600; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt"></span></b><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><font size="3">汪大纲 <span lang="EN-US"></span></font></span></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></span><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我们的家族在故乡乐平是一个有影响的家族。从定居乐平的第一代始祖路公开始<span lang="EN-US">,</span>历来文风盛<span lang="EN-US">,</span>功名多<span lang="EN-US">,</span>代不乏人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>是一个渊源深厚的书香之家。清嘉庆时出过一个榜眼<span lang="EN-US">(汪守和，</span>殿试排名仅次于状元<span lang="EN-US">),</span>他担任了工部和礼部尚书<span lang="EN-US">(</span>部长<span lang="EN-US">)</span>的要职<span lang="EN-US">,</span>曾被清皇册封为“儒林汪家”<span lang="EN-US">,</span>并赐骏马御画一幅。从我的祖父直溯上去<span lang="EN-US">,</span>八代都有过秀才、举人的功名<span lang="EN-US">. </span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">儒林汪家的家风<span lang="EN-US">,</span>鲜明地表现在曾祖父丹甫公晚年所写的《家训》诗中。这是家诗中的珍品<span lang="EN-US">,</span>不仅有诗意<span lang="EN-US">,</span>而且有哲理<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在我们家中流传了一百多年。我个人的体会<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这首诗的中心内容<span lang="EN-US">,</span>通俗地讲是要求汪家子孙后代<span lang="EN-US">,</span>第一<span lang="EN-US">,</span>要做有道德的人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>“至难穷尽为儒行””德业科名自有真””圣贤立脚争千古<span lang="EN-US">,</span>学问源头在五伦”；第二<span lang="EN-US">,</span>要做有学问的人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>“先世贻谋在五车<span lang="EN-US">,</span>树人休负读书家”<span lang="EN-US">,</span>”最易蹉跎是岁华”<span lang="EN-US">,</span>“求志只凭书尽读”；第三<span lang="EN-US">,</span>要做有贡献的人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>“立德功言三不朽<span lang="EN-US">,</span>统风雅颂一无邪”；第四<span lang="EN-US">,</span>要争取超过自己的先辈<span lang="EN-US">,</span>“区区肖父非吾望<span lang="EN-US">,</span>如琢如磨席上珍”。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">我们有幸生长在这个家庭<span lang="EN-US">,</span>受到了这种家风潜移默化的熏陶和影响。我青年时期并没有读过这首诗<span lang="EN-US">,</span>家风对我的影响主要是通过祖父母和父母的言教和身教。我从小在外生活<span lang="EN-US">,14</span>岁回到故乡后才开始感受到这个家族的地位和影响。那时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>祖父虽已年迈<span lang="EN-US">,</span>但仍德高望重<span lang="EN-US">,</span>家族中有事常来找他。乐平到处可以看到他的手迹。我们乐中唯一的一座大楼上“乐平中学”四个金光闪闪的大字就是他写的<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我天天都可以看到。到家里来向他求字的人不少<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我有时还替他磨墨、牵纸。祖父去世时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>乐平许多名流和亲友都来吊唁、送葬<span lang="EN-US">,</span>挽联挂满了大厅和前院<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有的我至今还记得<span lang="EN-US">,</span>足见人们对他的景仰。父亲三兄弟在乐平也很知名<span lang="EN-US">,</span>又留日又留美<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在当时也绝无仅有。生长在这样的家庭<span lang="EN-US">,</span>无形中给了我很大的激励。此外<span lang="EN-US">,</span>姐姐对我的影响也不小<span lang="EN-US">,</span>她从小用功<span lang="EN-US">,</span>一直名列前茅<span lang="EN-US">,</span>后来又考上了北大。我不时会想<span lang="EN-US">,</span>祖辈、父辈出了那么多读书人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我也总该有点出息吧。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">回乐平后不久<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我上了高中<span lang="EN-US">,</span>就开始用功了。从此<span lang="EN-US">,</span>逐渐养成了爱读书的习惯<span lang="EN-US">,</span>至今没有多大变化<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这使我终生受益。在乐中高中三年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我一直名列前茅<span lang="EN-US">,</span>毕业那年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>学校还给了我一笔特等奖学金<span lang="EN-US">,</span>全校只有两名。我并无特殊天赋<span lang="EN-US">,</span>只是比多数人用功些<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这得益于家庭影响<span lang="EN-US">,</span>班上许多人却没有这个条件。<span lang="EN-US">1948</span>年高中毕业<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我立志要上大学。乐平历来考上国立大学的寥寥无几<span lang="EN-US">,</span>大家都缺乏信心<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我决心要拼一拼<span lang="EN-US">,</span>为父母和家庭争气。父母亲鼓励我去上海考<span lang="EN-US">,</span>很多一流大学在那里招考。班上绝大多数人在南昌考<span lang="EN-US">,</span>那里招考的只有二流大学。姐姐陪我去了上海。我最理想的是考上北大<span lang="EN-US">,</span>因为三叔和姐姐在那里。我数理基础较好<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有一争的实力<span lang="EN-US">,</span>但没有把握<span lang="EN-US">,</span>因学习上尚有弱点<span lang="EN-US">,</span>主要是英语差。乐平缺乏学外语的环境<span lang="EN-US">,</span>学校学外语的风气差<span lang="EN-US">,</span>教师不稳定<span lang="EN-US">,</span>曾请天主教神父来凑数。考北大时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我数理发挥较好<span lang="EN-US">,</span>弥补了外语的不足。结果<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我被录取了<span lang="EN-US">,</span>而且获得了奖学金<span lang="EN-US">,</span>当时只有成绩在前<span lang="EN-US">20%</span>的人可获得。因此<span lang="EN-US">,</span>从上大学起<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我就没有再让家里负担。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">进大学后<span lang="EN-US">,</span>同学水平同中学大不相同。我班不足<span lang="EN-US">20</span>人<span lang="EN-US">,</span>绝大多数来自北京、上海、天津、杭州、南昌、长沙、合肥等大中城市<span lang="EN-US">,</span>像我这样来自小县城的只是个别的。我的数理不吃亏<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其他同学有的见识比我广<span lang="EN-US">,</span>外语比我好<span lang="EN-US">,</span>或动手能力比我强。我的优势仍然是比较用功。这使我一直名列前茅。在大学一年级时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>全北大理工两学院学生一起上微积分和大学物理<span lang="EN-US">,</span>混合编班<span lang="EN-US">,</span>考试统一命题<span lang="EN-US">.</span>上微积分时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我和姐姐恰好同坐一桌。我的两门成绩都列全理工前几名。那时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>北大各科成绩都张榜公布。毕业时<span lang="EN-US">,</span>班上只有我一人留校。当时正值院系调整<span lang="EN-US">,</span>北大工学院并入清华大学<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我也随之到清华当教师。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">但这时我却生了大病<span lang="EN-US">,</span>在清华医院和疗养院治疗了几年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>动了<span lang="EN-US">3</span>次手术<span lang="EN-US">,</span>基本上是卧床休息。这几年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我损失很大<span lang="EN-US">,</span>浪费了许多宝贵时间<span lang="EN-US">,</span>失去了一些好的机遇<span lang="EN-US">.</span>但我并未完全放弃读书。在病床上<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我自学了一门俄语<span lang="EN-US">.</span>先看一本俄语速成语法<span lang="EN-US">,</span>然后捧着字典看原版书<span lang="EN-US">,</span>逐步具备了看专业书的能力。还看了一些新版苏联教材和许多文艺和政治书籍。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">恢复工作后<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我来到了南京林学院。国家进入了一个动荡时期<span lang="EN-US">,</span>前后约<span lang="EN-US">20</span>年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>这段时期我读的有用的书不多<span lang="EN-US">,</span>岁月蹉跎<span lang="EN-US">,</span>实在可惜。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">文革结束后<span lang="EN-US">,</span>国家百废待兴<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我又重新燃起了学习的热情<span lang="EN-US">.</span>除了专业领域外<span lang="EN-US">,</span>还有两个方面的书是必须读的。一是重新学英语。随着国际交流的日渐增多<span lang="EN-US">,</span>不懂英语很难适应。英语丢了<span lang="EN-US">20</span>多年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>检起来相当费劲。但我看准了这个需要<span lang="EN-US">,</span>就坚持下去。几年下来<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有了效果。林业部指定让我参加了一些重要的国际会议<span lang="EN-US">,</span>如<span lang="EN-US">1985</span>年在墨西哥召开的第九届世界林业大会<span lang="EN-US">,</span>并担任大会发言。二是要学习有关教育理论和管理的内容<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其中包括国外教育的发展趋势。我读了不少这方面的书和国外的资料。林业部有几本重点出版的书<span lang="EN-US">,</span>其中有关世界林业教育<span lang="EN-US">,</span>美国林业高等林业教育和中国高等林业教育的内容都指定我来撰写。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span></span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">现在<span lang="EN-US">,</span>我已退休多年<span lang="EN-US">,</span>有大量的空闲时间。我打祘利用自己较广泛的兴趣和爱好来度过人生最后阶段的宝贵时光。第一位的是读书。书籍成了我晚年最好的朋友<span lang="EN-US">,</span>它使我晚年生活既愉快又充实<span lang="EN-US">,</span>对身心健康也大有好处。晚年也成了我一生中读书最多的时期之一。我有一篇谈晚年读书生活的短文。 <span lang="EN-US"></span></span></font></p><p /><p class="MsoNormal" style="BACKGROUND: white; MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto" align="left"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"> </span><span style="COLOR: black; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">（<span lang="EN-US">2005</span>年<span lang="EN-US">7</span>月）</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #666666; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt"></span></p><p /></p><p><font size="3"> </font></p></p><p><font size="3"> </font></p>
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