hnnywjg 发表于 2006-7-20 18:11:46

汪应辰借书苦读

<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">汪应辰借书苦读</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt"><p /></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">北宋末年,在信州玉山</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">今江西省玉山县</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">县的一个村里,有座茅草屋,里面住着汪姓一家人。这家的成年男子,为了养家湖口,在县里当弓兵</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">也叫弓手,宋代的地方治安军</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。这座破茅草屋,一到刮风下雨,上面的草就被吹走或掀落下来,他们只好冒着风雨去捡回来,重新铺到房上。外面下大雨,破草屋里便不断地下小雨,全家人只能挤在一块、蜷缩在漏雨滴不到的地方。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这家有个</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">岁的孩子,叫汪应辰,字圣锡。应辰虽然年龄幼小,家境又十分贫寒,但是,却酷爱读书。他是一个举止稳重的孩子,天资聪明过人,回答问题时,总有一些新意。有一些难认的偏僻生冷字,别人不认识,他一定要想方设法去弄清,所以,成为当地认识生冷难字的能手。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">家境困难,买不起书,汪应辰只好向人家去借,借别人的书,别人总是要求限期归还,所以,汪应辰便挤时间把借来的书,按时看完送回;对别人的书,汪应辰十分爱惜,从不损坏。到归还的时间,无论是刮风、下雨,也不管天冷还是路滑,他都要按时送回,决不失信于人。别人见这孩子爱惜书、爱读书,又守信用,也很乐意借书给汪应辰看。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">自己家没看书,借来的书,到时要还,所以汪应辰要尽量把看过的书记住。这样,他就很注意培养自己的记亿力,经过刻苦训练,汪应辰有了极好的记忆力;书只要读过一遍或二遍,便能记住,甚至可以背诵出来。他家中没有书,但是,他的腹中却藏有无数的书!</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">读书学习,白天的时间不够用,他便利用晚上,可是,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman"></font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">家贫,哪里行买灯油的钱呢?汪应辰便拾柴草,晚上用柴草照明看书。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">小应辰就这样,靠借书开始了自己艰难而又漫长的学习历程。由于刻苦地、坚持不懈地学习,他的学问与日俱进。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">岁时便会写诗。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一天,汪应辰到郡学去,郡学的博士</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">助教师</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">见他衣衫破旧,便想拿他开玩笑。博士说道:</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">“韩愈十三而能文,今子奚若?”</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">意思是:韩愈十三岁便能写文章了,你现在怎么样?</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">汪应辰应声答道:</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15&#46;75pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">“仲尼三千而论道,惟公其然。”</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">意思是:孔子对三千弟子论讲大道理,只有你老先生才能这样。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">汪应辰以对仗的文句回答了博土的问圈。答词不仅对仗工整,而且含蓄、巧妙。你博士说我不如唐代大文豪韩愈那么早慧,而你老先生—定是像孔圣人一样对三千弟子讲大道理了。这言外之意是说:你要求我像韩愈那样,那么你先生是不是也应该要求自己像孔圣人一样呢</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我没有做到,那么,你是不是做到了呢?博士以问句形式来难汪应辰,汪应辰却以肯定形式来难博土。博士听后,无言对答。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">对于汪应辰这样穷苦的孩子来讲,多么希塑有个读书的机会啊</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这个机会,终于来了。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">玉山县尉喻樗,富于才学,他亲自教授自己的孩子读书。这位喻樗先生,教孩子学习,要求很严格。一天,县里的一个土兵向喻樗说:</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“喻大人,你教自己的孩子读书,能不能教教我们汪某的儿子。”</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">喻樗便问:</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“这位汪某是谁</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">他儿子怎么样?”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这位士兵便说:</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“汪某是个弓兵,家里很穷,没有钱买书,他</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">岁的儿子,到处借书看,还能做诗。家里没有灯油,他拾柴草烧了照明看书。这孩子读书上了迷,真是刻苦啊!”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">喻樗听后,怜才之心油然而生,他对士兵说:</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“明天你把这孩子带来,我看看</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">!</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这天,汪应辰来见喻樗。喻樗见这</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">岁的孩子,相貌长得很奇伟,心里就有几分喜欢,便出了一个对子考考小应辰:</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">马蹄踏破青青草,</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">汪应辰立即对道:</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">龙爪挐开白白云。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2&#46;0"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">喻樗听后,非常惊异,说:</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">“孩子,好好学吧,以后,你一定会成为国家栋梁的。”</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">喻樗决定把汪应辰留在自己这里,与自己的孩子一起学习。在<personname w:st="on" productid="喻樗的">喻樗的</personname>教授下,汪应辰刻苦读书学习,学识有长足的进步。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">汪应辰不到</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">岁,在家乡考试时名列第一,被推荐到京城参加进土科考试。</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">18</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">岁那年,又以进士第一名中举。宋高宗把自己写的《中庸篇》赏赐给他。汪应辰原名洋,宋高宗也赐名应辰。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes"><font face="Times New Roman">    </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">汪应辰在南宋做官,刚直不阿,敢于直言,对爱国抗金志士推祟尊敬。当时,反对与金国议和的张九成,受奸臣秦桧陷害贬出,许多人怕受牵累,都不敢与张九成来往。汪应辰却一如既往,与张九成书信频繁。张九成的父亲死时,汪应辰不顾千里路途,亲往吊唁。抗金派丞相赵鼎,受秦按等奸臣排挤,贬死朱崖</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">今海南省琼山东南。即珠崖</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">,灵枢运回来时,汪应辰亲自写祭文祭奠,祭文中赞扬赵鼎。为此,几乎遭到秦桧的毒害。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">正直而不畏权势、爱国抗战反对投降,这使秦桧一伙对汪应辰恨之入骨,汪应辰因此长期被眨在外,流落五岭就长达</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">17</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">年之久。但汪应辰始终不向秦桧屈服,直到秦桧死后,他才被允许回到京城临安</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">今浙江省坑州市</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman""><font size="3">——<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal">《中国古代奇童传》</b></font></span></p>
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